上月本欄(姚,2021)預告雖然Omicron的傳播力較強,但重症和死亡率較低,有望成為普通感冒,世衛於1月3日初步確認相關的情況 (Farge & Roy, 2022),而且已有不少於六份研究發現Omicron較少入侵肺部 ("Omicron does not damage people’s lungs as much as the Delta ...")。

其中倫敦大學學院病毒學教授 Deenan Pillay 的研究發現:『[Omicron]看起來更能感染上呼吸道——喉嚨中的細胞,因此它在那裡的細胞中比在肺深處的細胞中更容易繁殖。』(Tapper, 2022)

(“In essence, it looks to be more able to infect the upper respiratory tract – cells in the throat. So it would multiply in cells there more readily than in cells deep in the lung", said Deenan Pillay, professor of virology at University College London.)

另一份文獻是香港大學醫學院團隊的論文,『研究團隊發現,Omicron 病毒變體在人類支氣管中的感染和繁殖的速度比 Delta 病毒變體快 70 倍,這或許可以解釋為什麼 Omicron 在人與人之間的傳播速度比以前的變體更快。研究結果還表明,肺部的 Omicron 感染顯著低於原始的 SARS-CoV-2病毒,這可能是疾病嚴重程度較低的一個指標。這項研究目前正在接受同行評審以供發表。』(HKU,2022)

("The researchers found that Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infects and multiplies 70 times faster than the Delta variant and original SARS-CoV-2 in human bronchus, which may explain why Omicron may transmit faster between humans than previous variants. Their study also showed that the Omicron infection in the lung is significantly lower than the original SARS-CoV-2, which may be an indicator of lower disease severity. This research is currently under peer review for publication.")

誠然,疫情仍然嚴峻,不能掉以輕心,更何妨又有新變種IHU,但這一項關於Omicron的信息仍然令人感到在黑暗中見到微光,有望走出已持續兩年多的全球疫症困擾。

ND/NC

上月本欄提供了一套可自動更新南非和英國新增死亡數佔新增確診數比率(New Deaths/New Cases, ND/NC)的程式,可追蹤Omicron病毒的殺傷力,以下是2022年1月4日的更新,左圖(紅色線)可見英國的新增確診數急增逾倍,衝上每百萬人每日四千宗,然而中間的圖表反映近期英國的疫症致命率(5人/每百萬人)卻似乎沒有同步急升,反而低於第一、二波的死亡率 (15及25人/每百萬人),右圖計算死亡數佔確診數的比率(ND/NC),英國的情況明顯遠低於第一、二波疫情,及未有跟隨確診數急升而上升,南非的情況亦已回落至低於0.05。

圖1 南非(藍色線))和英國(紅色線)的新增疫症死亡數目佔新增確診數目比率(New Deaths/New Cases, ND/NC)。來源:Our World in Data

圖1 南非(藍色線))和英國(紅色線)的新增疫症死亡數目佔新增確診數目比率(New Deaths/New Cases, ND/NC)。來源:Our World in Data

參考:

Farge, E. & Roy, M. (2022) WHO sees more evidence that Omicron causes milder symptoms, Reuters, January 4. https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/who-sees-more-evidence-that-omicron-affects-upper-respiratory-tract-2022-01-04/?utm_campaign=trueAnthem%3A%20Trending%20Content&utm_medium=trueAnthem&utm_source=facebook&fbclid=IwAR1MvBc17riXkXqmpgGSh9fFy_d_eCbaXma9nwD93n0zoOAudS-fLMHi4Gs

HKU (2021) HKUMed finds Omicron SARS-COV-2 can infect faster and better than Delta in human bronchus but with less severe infection in lung, News, December 15. https://www.med.hku.hk/en/news/press/20211215-omicron-sars-cov-2-infection

Tapper, J. (2022) New studies reinforce belief that Omicron is less likely to damage lungs, The Guardian, January 2. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/02/new-studies-reinforce-belief-that-omicron-is-less-likely-to-damage-lungs 

姚松炎 (2021) 在Colab追蹤Omicron的殺傷力,方格子,12月15日。https://vocus.cc/AI_and_ML/61b8eab0fd89780001bcfad3